1.
Biometrical And Histological Studies Of Testes In Different Age Groups Of Azikheli Buffalo Bulls
by Salahuddin | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
drama
Publisher: 2013Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 1797,T] (1).
2.
Evaluation Of Antidiabetic Effects Of Momordica Charantia On Microarchetecture Of Pancreas And Blood Biochemistey in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
by Saad Khaliq | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2014Dissertation note: Abstract Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2178,T] (1).
3.
Effect Of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Powder Supplementation On Morphometric Characteristics Of Bone And Skeletal Muscle Of Broiler Chicken
by Hafiz Faseeh ur Rehman (2013-VA-437) | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Herbal extracts are being used as alternatives to sub-therapeutic antibiotics. Their mechanism of action involves improving growth performance through modulation of immune status of birds and increasing absorption of nutrients through gastro-intestinal tract. Moringa oleifera is one such herb which not only has antibacterial, antifungal properties but also have a good quantity of essential vitamins and minerals.
This study was aimed to analyze the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder in different concentrations (0.6%, 0.9%, 1.2% and 1.5%) on commercially important muscle characteristics and morphometric parameters of tibia bone.
Day-old broilers (n = 100) were randomly divided into five groups (A, B, C, D & E), each group having 4 replicates (n=5). Group A (Control) was fed basal diet while group B, C, D & E were fed same diet with 0.6%, 0.9% ,1.2% and 1.5 % supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder for 35 days. Birds were immunized against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease.
On day 35 of the experiment, two birds from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered by exsanguination. Blood was collected in plan test tube and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 5 minutes to harvest serum and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured in serum. After slaughtering samples of breast muscle (pectoralis major) were taken for pH measurement and water holding capacity (WHC). For histological slide preparation breast muscle sample were processed by paraffin embedding technique and stained by Haematoxyline & Eosin. Histomorphometry was done by using software (ProgRes®2.1.1 Capture Prog Camera Control Software).
Summary
38
The right and left tibiae of each bird were collected for the morphometric measurements. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Group differences were compared by the Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Difference between groups was considered significant at P < 0.05.
The results revealed that water holding capacity (WHC) was higher in 0.6% MOLP, 0.9% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compare to control group. pH values of breast meat in all MOLP supplemented groups were significantly higher at o hour, 12 hour and 24 hour after slaughtering.
The supplementation of MOLP did not significantly affect muscle fiber density in breast muscle, but muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle from groups supplemented with 1.2% and 1.5% MOLP were significantly higher (P<0.05) than control group and group supplemented with 0.6% MOLP. The muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle of 0.9% MOLP supplemented group did not vary significantly from control as well as all other MOLP supplemented groups.
In tibia, bone length, bone diameter, medullary canal diameter did not change significantly in supplemented and control group. The weight of tibia bone increased significantly in groups supplemented with 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP when compared to control group. In right tibia, all treated groups ash% was significantly (P<0.05) high when compared to control group but the left tibiae the ash% of left tibia was significantly (P<0.05) higher in 0.6% MOLP supplemented group when compare to all other groups. The ash% of control group, 0.9% and 1.2% MOLP supplemented groups were significantly high than 1.5% MOLP.
The serum ALP level and Tibio-Tarsal Index did not vary significantly in all experimental groups. The robusticity index of control group was higher for both left and right tibia bone when compared to 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups. The
Summary
39
Weight/Length Index of tibia bone was also significantly high in 1.2% MOLP and 1.5% MOLP supplemented groups as compared to control group.
One of the most important considerations which should be kept in mind at the time of sample collection for WHC measurements and for getting cross section of muscles on slides for microscopic morphometry is orientation of muscle fibre and muscle fascicle in a given muscle. The muscle fibres of breast muscle (pectoralis major) in birds are neither perpendicular nor parallel with keel bone’s long axis but running at an oblique angle where the higher end of muscle fibre is on the lateral edges of muscle and lower end of muscle fibre is towards the medial end, so for sampling one must first ascertain muscle fibre direction and then they should be cut perpendicular to their oblique angle.
Conclusion
Supplementation of Moringa oleifera leaf powder (1.2% and 1.5%) in diet of broilers improved commercially important traits of breast muscle along with improving the mineral contents and strength of tibia bone. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2461-T] (1).
4.
Evaluation Of Multiple Heated Oil Consumption On Liver And Kidney Health In Male And Female Rats
by Sehar Ashraf (2014-VA-528) | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Imtiaz Rabbani | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Reuse of oil during food making is practiced worldwide. This practice is established not only by roadside food stalls but also customary to food outlets, restaurants and hotels in big cities. The process of heating and reheating of dietary oil results in oxidation of oil and generation of free radicals and toxic compounds. These toxic compounds cause red patches and necrosis in liver and kidney, antioxidants decreases also.
The consumption of multiple heated oil may affect liver and kidney health in male and female rats. Eighteen male and eighteen female Wistar rats were taken and divided into groups. Group-I (negative control) fed chow diet and sub-divided into two groups, based upon gender, IA (negative control males) and IB (negative control females). Group-II was given chow diet mixed with 15% v/w single time heated oil and sub-divided into two groups based on gender i.e., IIA and IIB. Animals in sub-groups IIIA and IIIB were fed on chow diet mixed with 15% v/w multiple heated oil. Blood samples were collected at the end of four weeks of study. Hepatic (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin) and renal (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid) functions, oxidants and antioxidants (in blood and (liver, kidney) tissues) parameters were studied. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA on SPSS. Differences between the groups were compared by the Tukey’s test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Upon feeding of fried oil liver and kidney damage occurred due to oxidation of oil. But in our present study single time and multiple time heated oil consumption did not damage liver and kidney. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and liver catalase significantly higher values in oil feeding groups confirm that chow diet was energy deficient whereas oil supplementation enhance diet energy.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2723-T] (1).
5.
Evaluation Of Repeatedly Heated Oil Consumption On Anthropometric Characteristics And Lipid Profile In Male And Female Rats
by Aasma Bashir Ahmed | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf | Dr. Khalid Abdul Majeed | Dr. Saima Masood.
Material type: ; Literary form:
not fiction
Publisher: 2016Dissertation note: Deep-fat frying of foods is the most common and quickest method in food preparation. Numerous chemical changes occur during heating process of oils, which promotes the production of different volatile and non-volatile compounds. These noxious compounds are absorbed in the food, and ultimately enter the systemic circulation after digestion and absorption. Effects of peroxidation of biological systems come with a number of pathological manifestations including incidence of oxidative stress, glucose intolerance and atherosclerosis.
Repeatedly heated cooking oil consumption has harmful effects on anthropometric characteristics, lipid profile in male and female rats.
Thirty six adult male and female Wistar rats were selected and divided into six groups having three groups of male rats and three groups of female rats. Group-I including IA (negative control males) and IB (negative control females) were fed chow diet. Group-II including IIA and IIB were given chow diet mixed with 15% v/w fresh oil. Animals in sub-groups IIIA and IIIB were fed on chow diet mixed with 15% v/w fried oil. Body weights were recorded weekly. Organs and blood samples were collected at the end of 28 days to assess organ weights, measure plasma glucose level and lipid profile.
Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Data was analyzed using two-way ANOVA. The group differences were compared by Tukey’s range test. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Body length of rats was not significantly affected by the feeding of single and multiple fried oil. Effects of treatment, gender and week are significant on body weights of rats. Effect of single and multiple fried oil feeding was significant on absolute weights of abdominal fat and
Summary
63
liver and non- significant on absolute weights of heart, kidney and testes. Treatment effect was non-significant on relative weights of abdominal fat, heart, kidneys and testes, whereas effect was significant only on relative weights of liver. Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2724-T] (1).
6.
Individual And Combined Effect Of Chicory Root Powder And Znso4 On Histology Of Intestine And Immune Organs In Broilers
by Mamoona Din (2015-VA-1085) | Dr. Saima Masood | Dr. Hafsa Zaneb | Dr. Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf.
Material type: Publisher: 2017Dissertation note:
Phytogenic feed additives are plant derivatives which act as natural growth promoters and play crucial role in development of poultry health and production. Mineral supplementation also alters the immune status and gastrointestinal health and thus improves the performance in broilers. Thus intestinal and immune morphology is known to be modulated by nutritional interventions. Chicory is such a natural herb which acts as a prebiotic and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) is a trace mineral which possesses antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties Chicory root powder (CRP) and ZnSO4 have previously been used as growth promoters; however their combined effect on histology of broilers has not yet been evaluated. The present study was designed to report the individual and combined effect of CRP and ZnSO4 on histomorphometry of intestine, immune organs and some blood parameters in broilers.
150 one-day old broiler chicks were randomly divided into six groups: CONT, 2C, 4C, Zn60, 2C+Zn60, 4C+Zn60) with five replicates (n=5). Group-I was served as control and fed only basal diet (CONT), Group-II (BD + 2% CRP), Group-III (BD+ 4% CRP), Group IV (BD+ 60mg/kg feed ZnSO4), Group-V (BD+2% CRP+60mg/kg ZnSO4) and Group-VI (BD+4%CRP+60mg/kg ZnSO4). Birds were immunized against Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious bursal disease.
On day 35, two randomly selected birds from each replicate were slaughtered. Blood was collected in falcon tubes and centrifuged at 3000rpm for 10 minutes to obtain serum and triglycerides, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and VLDL were measured in serum. Three segments of small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) and caecum along with immune organs (cecal tonsils, thymus, spleen, bursa of fabricious) were excised and processed by paraffin embedding method and stained by H&E technique. Histological slides of intestine and immune organs were examined under light microscope (LABOMED® USA) for histomorphometric analysis. Data thus collected was analyzed by one-way ANOVA technique using SPSS. The means were compared using DMR test to measure significance at P<0.05.
The results revealed that the level of triglycerides, LDL, total cholesterol and VLDL decreased significantly in individual 2% CRP and combination group of 2%CRP+ZnSO4 while cholesterol and HDL remained non-significant in all treatment groups as compared to control group. The length and weight of small intestine increased in significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. The length of caecum increased in all treatment groups while weight of caecum was insignificant in all treatment groups as compared to control group. In duodenum, CD and MM decreased, VL/CD and ME increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups, while results of VL, VW, VSA, LP, EP were insignificant. In jejunum, VL, VL/CD, VSA and EP increased, CD decreased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. In ileum, VL/CD and EP increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. The goblet cell count increased significantly in all intestinal segments in 2%CRP+ZnSO4 group.
In caecal tonsils number, area and length of lymphatic nodules increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups. In thymus length of thymic lobules increased in 2% CRP and 4% CRP groups while width and area increased significantly in 4% CRP group. In spleen length and width of white pulp increased significantly in 2% CRP group. In bursa length, width and area of lymphatic nodules increased significantly in 2% CRP and 2%CRP+ZnSO4 groups, while thickness of mucosal folds was not affected significantly in all treatment groups.
Dietary supplementation of chicory root powder and ZnSO4 may be useful in enhancing intestinal and immune organs microarchitecture and some blood parameters in broilers.
Availability: Items available for loan: UVAS Library [Call number: 2866-T] (1).
